Farmers in France are altering how the iconic, aromatic lavender plant is grown to combat the impacts of climate change.
Since the European perfume industry flourished in the 19th century, France, particularly Grasse in the Alpine region of Provence, has been a leading hub for lavender cultivation. Presently, about 1,700 producers across Provence grow roughly 62,000 acres of two types of the plant: lavender, which is utilized in perfumes and cosmetics, and lavandin, a hybrid with longer stems used to fragrance household items.
The challenges faced by lavender farmers are being worsened by climate change. Increasing summer temperatures are leading to a rise in insect populations, especially the harmful Cixiidae, small leafhoppers similar to cicadas. These pests cause damage to crops by feeding on the plants and spreading a disease called stolbur phytoplasma, which was first identified in 1970. This disease distorts the plants and reduces their usual lifespan from ten years to just three or four. Despite its beautiful purple flowers, French lavender does not have the same level of fragrance as English lavender (Lavandula angustifolia).
Lavender in Provence is facing endangerment due to the recent impact of climate change, which has resulted in significantly less rainfall during spring and especially in autumn. Additionally, new regulations for essential oils have negatively affected the industry. Despite Bulgaria concluding a successful harvest season with several hundred tons of lavender oil, solidifying its status as the world's leading producer, the industry's future appears more uncertain than ever.
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